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<title>Extended physiological proprioception</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Extended physiological proprioception</span></span>
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<p><b>Extended physiological proprioception</b> (<b>EPP</b>) is a concept pioneered by D.C. Simpson (1972) to describe the ability to perceive at the tip of a tool. <a href="Proprioception" title="Proprioception">Proprioception</a> is the concept is that proprioceptors in the muscles and joints, couple with cutaneous receptors to identify and manage contacts between the body and the world. Extended <a href="Physiological" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiological">physiological</a> <a href="Proprioception" title="Proprioception">proprioception</a> allows for this same process to apply to contacts between a tool that is being held and the world. The work was based on prostheses developed at the time in response to disabilities incurred by infants as the result of use of the drug <a href="Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">thalidomide</a> by mothers from 1957 to 1962, with the tool in this case simply being the prosthesis itself. How a person identifies with themself changes after a <a href="Lower_limb_amputation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower limb amputation">lower limb amputation</a> affects body image, functioning, awareness, and future projections.
</p><p>People with amputations have reported <a href="Phantom_limb" title="Phantom limb">phantom limbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This serves as evidence that the brain is hard-wired to perceive body image, making it notable that sensory input and proprioceptive feedback are not essential in its formation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Losing an anatomical part through amputation sets a person up for complex perceptual, emotional, and psychological responses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such responses include phantom limb pain, which is the painful feeling some amputees incur after amputation in the area lost.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phantom limb pain permits a natural acceptance and use of prosthetic limbs.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><i><a href="The_Extended_Mind" class="mw-redirect" title="The Extended Mind">The Extended Mind</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Embodied_cognition" title="Embodied cognition">Embodied cognition</a></li>
<li><a href="Situated_cognition" title="Situated cognition">Situated cognition</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFSimpson1974" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, DC (1974). <i>The choice of control system for the multimovement prosthesis: extended physiological proprioception (epp)</i>. C. Thomas.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFPlettenburg2002" class="citation conference cs1">Plettenburg, Dick H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240720050809/https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/items/89e60128-22ab-44d8-8858-60ebcdd6a293">"Prosthetic control: a case for Extended Physiological Proprioception"</a>. <i>MEC '02 The Next Generation, Proceedings of the 2002 MyoElectric Controls/Powered Prosthetics Symposium</i>. IBME, University of New Brunswick. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/handle/10161/2669">the original</a> on 2024-07-20.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFDoublerChildress1984" class="citation journal cs1">Doubler, JA; Childress, DS (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/84/21/1/pdf/doubler.pdf">"An analysis of extended physiological proprioception as a prosthesis-control technique"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>18. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6527290">6527290</a>.</cite></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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